Consumer protection
The EBA identifies and addresses harm that arises for EU consumers as a result of their interactions with financial institutions. It does so for all retail banking products in the EBA’s scope of action, which are mortgage credit, consumer credit, payment accounts, payment services, electronic money, and deposits, including structured deposits.
Technical Standards, Guidelines & Recommendations
Technical standards
Guidelines
Opinions, Reports and other Publications
Opinions
Opinion on new types of payment fraud and possible mitigations
European Banking Authority (EBA) opinion analysing 2022 payment fraud trends, including higher fraud rates in instant payments and social engineering risks. Recommends additional security measures beyond PSD3, PSR, and Instant Payments Regulation to strengthen anti-fraud frameworks for retail payments.
EBA Opinion on RTS on Crowdfunding.pdf
Opinion on RTS on Crowdfunding
EBA's response to the EC Call for advice on the review of MCD.pdf
Response to the Call for Advice on the review of MCD
Opinion on disclosure through digital means. FINAL.pdf
Opinion on disclosure to consumers of banking services through digital means
EBA Opinion on the amended text of the RTS on SCA and CSC (EBA-Op-2017-09).pdf
EBA Opinion on the amended text of the RTS on SCA and CSC (EBA-Op-2017-09)
EBA Opinion on the Commission’s proposal to bring virtual currency entities into the scope of 4AMLD
EBA Opinion on the Commission’s proposal to bring virtual currency entities (EBA-Op-2016-14)
EBA-Op-2015-09 Opinion on good practices for mortgages.pdf
EBA/Op/2015/09 Opinion on good practices for mortgages
EBA-Op-2015-03 (EBA Opinion on lending based Crowdfunding).pdf
EBA/Op/2015/03 Opinion on lending based crowdfunding
EBA-OP-2014-13 - Technical Advice on Structured Deposits.pdf
EBA/Op/2014/13 Technical Advice on Structured Deposits
EBA-Op-2014-08 Opinion on Virtual Currencies.pdf
EBA Opinion on Virtual Currencies EBA/Op/2014/08
Decisions
Final Report on decision of European Banking Authority specifying the benchmark rate under MCD.pdf
Final report on Decision on specifying the benchmark rate under MCD (EBA DC 145)
Reports
EBA and ECB Report on Payment Fraud
EBA and ECB 2025 report analysing payment fraud trends, including fraud levels, types, impact of Strong Customer Authentication (SCA), losses, and geographical patterns across EU payment instruments.
Report on the standardised terminology for services related to payment accounts
European Banking Authority (EBA) report reviewing the standardised terminology for payment account services under the Payment Accounts Directive (PAD). Assesses EU legislation, national authorities' and stakeholders' views, and concludes the current Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS) remain fit-for-purpose, with potential future updates for instant credit transfers.
Consumer trends report 2024/2025
European Banking Authority (EBA) 2024/25 Consumer Trends Report analyses retail banking products, payment fraud, indebtedness, and de-risking, assessing measures by EBA and national authorities to address key consumer protection issues in the EU.
Report on the fact finding exercise on creditworthiness assessment practices of non-bank lenders
EBA report assessing creditworthiness assessment practices of non-bank lenders (NBLs) across the EU, identifying gaps in information gathering and verification, regulatory fragmentation, and supervisory challenges under the Consumer Credit Directive (CCD) and Mortgage Credit Directive (MCD).
Report on structured deposits
European Banking Authority (EBA) report analysing structured deposits – covers definitions, market evolution, investor risks, disclosure requirements, and supervisory activities in the EU from January to September 2023, with proposed improvements for future reporting.
Report of the JC SC CPFI workshop on behavioural insights
EBA, ESMA, and EIOPA report on a 2024 workshop exploring how national supervisory authorities can apply behavioural insights to enhance consumer protection, policy design, and supervisory effectiveness in financial markets, including lessons from OECD and NCAs.
Report on virtual IBANs
EBA report on virtual IBANs (vIBANs) analysing their characteristics, benefits, and key risks—including money laundering, regulatory arbitrage, and consumer protection gaps—based on a 2023/2024 fact-finding exercise, with recommendations for payment service providers and authorities.
Report on mystery shopping excercise.pdf
Report on mystery shopping excercise
Consumer Trends Report 2022-2023.pdf
Consumer trends report 2022/2023
Retail risk indicators.pdf
Retail Risk Indicators March 2023 (PDF)
Other publications
Statement on timely preparatory steps towards the application of MiCAR to asset-referenced and e-money tokens.pdf
Statement on timely preparatory steps towards the application of MiCAR to asset-referenced and e-money tokens
EBA response to the EU Commission Green Paper on Retail Financial Services (COM 2015(630)).pdf
EBA response to the EU Commission Green Paper on Retail Financial Services (COM 2015(630))
Call for interest Expert Group PRIIPs.pdf
Call for interest Expert Group PRIIPs
Factsheets
Updated Joint ESAs revised warning on crypto-assets
Joint ESAs warning on crypto-assets highlights risks, consumer protection gaps, and MiCA regulation applicability from December 2024, advising caution on volatility, fraud, and unregulated providers outside the EU.
Joint ESAs Factsheet on crypto-assets_EN.pdf
Joint ESAs factsheet explaining the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) – outlining consumer protections, types of regulated crypto-assets (EMTs, ARTs, utility tokens), risks of unregulated providers, and key definitions like stablecoins and NFTs.
ESAs joint committee interactive factsheet on financial education and sustainable finance
ESAs joint committee interactive factsheet guides consumers on making sustainable financial choices—covering investments, loans, insurance, and pensions with ESG features, benefits, risks, and tips to avoid greenwashing under EU sustainability frameworks.
How does high inflation and the rise in interest rates affect my money.pdf
EBA consumer guide explaining how high inflation and rising interest rates impact loans, savings, investments, pensions, and insurance – with practical steps to manage personal finances and adapt to changing economic conditions.
How does high inflation and the rise in interest rates affect my money_Banking.pdf
EBA guide explaining how high inflation and rising interest rates impact loans and savings, comparing fixed vs variable rates, offering tips on managing debt, protecting deposits, and choosing financial products wisely.
EBA factsheet_Coordinating financial education and literary.pdf
Factsheet – Coordinating financial education and literacy
Key tips to protect yourself when choosing online or mobile banking services
EBA guide offering practical tips for consumers on safely choosing and using online or mobile banking services, covering financial needs assessment, contract terms, security measures, and dispute resolution options within the EU.