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Q&As refer to the provisions in force on the day of their publication. The EBA does not systematically review published Q&As following the amendment of legislative acts. Users of the Q&A tool should therefore check the date of publication of the Q&A and whether the provisions referred to in the answer remain the same.

Please note that the Q&As related to the supervisory benchmarking exercises have been moved to the dedicated handbook page. You can submit Q&As on this topic here.

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List of Q&A's

AISPs and scope of application AML requirements

1. To what extend do AISPs need to comply with the obligations in relation to anti-money laundering and terrorist financing under Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament? 2. Is a requirement for AISPs on the basis of national law and national supervisory practices to submit to the competent supervisor a description of the internal control mechanisms with regard to AML regulations compliant with PSD2 and EBA’s Guidelines on Guidelines on authorisation and registration under PSD2?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4712
  • Topic: Authorisation and registration
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 11/03/2022

Scope of Prudential consolidation

Which is the applicability of Article 22 CRR for successive subsidiaries of a Significant Institution (SI) in the SSM and rest of EU, when the subsidiary in a third country as referred in Article 22 CRR is held by the subsidiary in the SSM or rest of the EU that is the last in the chain of the successive subsidiaries of the SI?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4711
  • Topic: Other issues
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022

Net cash out-/inflow from cash settled futures (“ICE Brent Crude futures contract”)

How to calculate the expected liquidity net cash outflow/inflow from a future contract with daily variation margin and an expected final cash settlement?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61 - DR with regard to liquidity coverage requirement
  • ID: 2019_4705
  • Topic: Liquidity risk
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 07/08/2020

Report of fraud rates by issuers and acquirers

For card-based transactions: - When the issuer reports frauds under the EBA Guidelines on fraud reporting (EBA/GL/2018/05), shall the issuer provide information on the unauthorised transactions for which the acquirer has applied an exemption? If so, shall the issuer provide a break-down according to the different exemptions applied by the acquirer?- When the acquirer reports frauds under the EBA Guidelines on fraud reporting, shall the acquirer provide information on the unauthorised transactions for which the issuer has applied an exemption? If so, shall the acquirer provide a break-down according to the different exemptions applied by the issuer?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: EBA/GL/2018/05 - Guidelines on fraud reporting under PSD2 (amended by EBA/GL/2020/01)
  • ID: 2019_4703
  • Topic: Fraud reporting
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 24/07/2020

Transaction risk analysis (TRA) exemption – Calculation of fraud rate – Impact of unauthorized transactions on issuers and acquirers

In the case of card-based transactions, shall issuers include in their fraud rate calculation only the unauthorized transactions for which they apply strong customer authentication (SCA) or an exemption?  Or, shall issuers also include unauthorised transactions for which the acquirer applies an exemption?Shall acquirers include in their fraud rate calculation only the unauthorised transactions for which they apply an exemption?  Or shall acquirers also include unauthorised transactions for which the issuer applies an exemption?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) 2018/389 - RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication
  • ID: 2019_4702
  • Topic: Strong customer authentication and common and secure communication (incl. access)
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 24/07/2020

Scope of the corporate SCA exemption.

Does the corporate SCA exemption apply only if the payer initiates (and transmits) payments directly to their ASPSP and not for payments transmitted via a 3rd party service provider (i.e. a PISP)?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) 2018/389 - RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication
  • ID: 2019_4693
  • Topic: Strong customer authentication and common and secure communication (incl. access)
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 14/06/2019

Prudential treatment of leasing asset and liabilities (in relation to IFRS 16)

What is the prudential treatment of the right of use leased assets and liabilities and is netting allowed?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4689
  • Topic: Accounting and auditing
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 07/05/2021

Fulfilment of conditions reported under Article 45(a) CRR for a synthetic holding held in the banking book and with a maturity less than 1 year

Can a Bank calculate the amount of the position subject to FSE thresholds’ mechanism for CET1 capital purposes for a synthetic holding as the net position resulting after offsetting the long position in equity and the short position from the forward sale agreement with a maturity less than 1 year?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) No 241/2014 - RTS for Own Funds requirements for institutions
  • ID: 2019_4687
  • Topic: Own funds
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 01/04/2022

Place in the sequence of write down for an istrument that does not qualify as part of own funds

Where does an instrument that qualified as original own funds under the national transposition measure for point (ca) of Article 57 of Directive 2006/48/EC but does not qualify as Additional Tier 1 according to Article 489(4) fit in the sequence of write down and conversion from Article 48 of Directive 2014/59/EU? Will 48(1)(b), 48(1)(c) or 48(1)(d) be applicable to such an instrument?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4685
  • Topic: Write-down and conversion of capital instruments
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022

Application of disclosure templates in EBA/GL/2018/10 for O-SIIs

Does the operation of paragraphs 17, 18 and 19 of EBA/GL/2018/10 mean that the 2018 NPL Guidelines apply to all O-SIIs, even if they are not credit institutions? If so, how is this reconciled with paragraph 6 of EBA/GL/2018/10, which states that the 2018 NPL Guidelines apply to credit institutions?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: EBA/GL/2016/11 - Guidelines on disclosure requirements under Part Eight of CRR
  • ID: 2019_4683
  • Topic: Transparency and Pillar 3
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022

What is considered as a dedicated interface

Payment Service Users (PSUs) communicate with an account servicing payment service provider (ASPSP) via Web using HTTP while mobile PSUs and Third Party Providers (TPPs) via REST Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) but in all cases the processing is done by the same back-end server using the same credentials, authorisations and business logic. In the case of mobile and TPP channels, the APIs are similar and are exposed from the same ASPSP’s gateway. Any issue in the back-end server will result in downtime for all channels. Clarification is required whether this solution is considered as a dedicated interface or not.

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) 2018/389 - RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication
  • ID: 2019_4681
  • Topic: Strong customer authentication and common and secure communication (incl. access)
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 09/08/2019

Application of the LGD floor

Are there any specific requirements regarding the adjustment for the LGD floor? More specifically, is it a sufficient condition to ensure (may be on a daily basis) that the exposure weighted average LGD just needs to meet the floor on a portfolio level and the respective adjustments on the facility level are at the discretion of the bank?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4680
  • Topic: Credit risk
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 21/08/2020

"Authorisation number" in eIDAS certificates

There are two possible interpretations of the Regulation (EU) 2018/389 (RTS) Article 34 paragraph (2) in the case of payment service providers registered in Member State “A”:1) The authorisation number is the number of the resolution of the NCA (or its predecessor in title) authorising the provision of payment services for the specific PSP, which is not the same as the Registration number appearing in the NCA’s public register.2) The authorisation number is the Registration number appearing in the NCA’s public register (which is a reference number formed based on the VAT number).Please clarify whether interpretation 2) above is in line with the requirements of the RTS? Please clarify whether the 8-digit Registration number (based on the VAT number) appearing in the NCA’s public register, and appearing as “National Identification Number” in the EBA PSD2 register or as “National Reference” in the EBA credit institution register can be used as the “authorisation number” in eIDAS certificates?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) 2018/389 - RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication
  • ID: 2019_4679
  • Topic: Central register of the EBA
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 14/06/2019

Effect of bail-in tool: clarification on Article 53(3)

How should the phrase “and any obligations or claims arising in relation to it that are not accrued at the time when the power is exercised” in Article 53(3) be interpreted?

  • Legal act: Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4677
  • Topic: Resolution tools and powers
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022

Definition of short position

1. Can a put option which is subject to certain conditions qualify as a short position for the purposes of Article 45 CRR provided that (i) the fulfilment of the conditions depends only on the holder of the put and (ii) all the other conditions mentioned in Article 45 are met?2. In case a bank has on its banking book a holding of CET1 instruments in a financial sector entity and it buys an unconditional put option with the same underlying, which amount should be netted, either the notional value (strike price multiplied by the number of underlying instruments of the option) or the market value of the put, provided that all the other conditions mentioned in Article 45 CRR are met?3. In case the answer to question 2 is the notional value, if a put option does qualify as short position for the purposes of Article 45 CRR, how should this short position be treated for the purposes of credit risk requirements?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4675
  • Topic: Own funds
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 01/04/2022

Specialised Lending - Interpretation of contractual arrangements that give the lender a substantial degree of control

How shall Article 147 (8)(b) CRR be interpreted when identifying ‘contractual arrangements that give the lender a substantial degree of control over the assets and the income that they generate’ in the context of real estate financing?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4672
  • Topic: Credit risk
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022

Compliance of (1) card data (2) SMS OTP and (3) EMV 3DS behaviour-based inherence as an authentication information with the requirements of PSD2 and RTS on SCA

Could the use of (1) card data (2) SMS One Time Password (OTP) and (3) Europay, MasterCard, Visa (EMV) 3-D secure (3DS) behaviour-based inherence information as an authentication solution be considered compliant with the PSD2 and RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication requirements?

  • Legal act: Directive 2015/2366/EU (PSD2)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Regulation (EU) 2018/389 - RTS on strong customer authentication and secure communication
  • ID: 2019_4671
  • Topic: Strong customer authentication and common and secure communication (incl. access)
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as final Q&A: 05/03/2021

Use of credit insurance as credit risk mitigation under the standardised approach for credit risk and application of the CRM eligibility requirements to certain clauses which are typical for credit insurance contracts

Does the inclusion of a general exclusions clause (including for example, an exclusion for losses caused by a so-called nuclear event, war or a loss as a result of a fraud or dispute) in a credit insurance contract render the contract non-compliant with the credit risk mitigation (CRM) eligibility requirements for guarantees in CRR, in particular Article 213(1)(c)(iii) CRR, assuming all other conditions have been fulfilled?

  • Legal act: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Not applicable
  • ID: 2019_4669
  • Topic: Credit risk
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 28/02/2023

Default Rate calculation

As part of the implementation of IFRS9 on the 1st of Jan 2018 banks may have also implemented a new Definition of Default. A new definition could result in a large uplift in default stock. However, by virtue of the way that new defaults are captured in COREP, the impact of this is that ‘New Defaults’ for the year could be artifically inflated by this stock adjustment due to the newly implemented definition. This inflated default rate is not representative of real ‘New Defaults’ in the year. Should default rate be reported in the data submission as reported in COREP or should the default rate by adjusted to mitigate the effects of the implementation of the new definition of default (i.e. by removing the stock adjustment facilities from the ‘New Defaults’ population and from the start of year performing population and calculate what we believe is the real 1 year default rate)? If no adjustment is made, this will distort default rate values.

  • Legal act: Directive 2013/36/EU (CRD)
  • COM Delegated or Implementing Acts/RTS/ITS/GLs: Draft ITS on Supervisory Reporting of Institutions (for benchmarking the internal approaches)
  • ID: 2019_4668
  • Topic: Supervisory reporting - Supervisory Benchmarking
  • Date of submission:
  • Published as Rejected Q&A: 11/02/2022